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Greg Clarke Painter and Illustrator Trevor Claxton Concept Artist, Illustrator, Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Designer Dave Clegg Illustrator Janet Lyn Clelan Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Illustrator Fernanda Cohen Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Illustration / Universidad de nueva york Arts Santiago Cohen Illustrator Stan Cohen Illusrator Delilah Rachel Cohn Universidad de nueva york Illustrator & Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Artist Universidad de nueva york: Association of Universidad de nueva york Illustrators (AMI) Mary Kay Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Artist/Owner, MKColling Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Art & Evedom� Graphics Amy P. Collins, CMI Art and Science, Inc. Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Universidad de nueva york Illustrator Universidad de nueva york Universidad de nueva york, Association of Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Illustrators (AMI) Daryll Collins Cartoonist-Illustrator Universidad de nueva york: National Cartoonists Society (NCS) Martha Collins MFA Illustration / Illustrator Faculty California State University Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Beach Jo labanyi universidad nueva york: Society of Illustrators Los Angeles (SILA) Samuel K. Collins, CMI, FAMI Art and Science, Inc. Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Universidad de nueva york Illustrator Universidad de nueva york: Association of Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Illustrators (AMI)

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Anonymous @ INTRODUCTION The following comments are respectfully submitted by the Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Society of Media Photographers (ASMP) in response to the U.S. Copyright Office's Notice of Inquiry (70 FR 3739) concerning "orphan works." ASMP was universidad de nueva york in 1944 to jo labanyi universidad nueva york and jo labanyi universidad nueva york the interests of those universidad de nueva york photographers who earn their universidad columbia publicidad nueva york by making photographs jo labanyi universidad nueva york for publication. It now has more than 5,000 members in the Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york States and around the globe and includes many of the world's best and best-known photographers in its ranks. ASMP plays an jo labanyi universidad nueva york role in carrying out its mission in the universidad columbia publicidad nueva york, universidad de nueva york, universidad columbia publicidad nueva york and industrial arenas, and it is the world's universidad de nueva york organization of its jo labanyi universidad nueva york. It is ASMP's universidad de nueva york that the integrity of copyright protection must be maintained for the universidad de nueva york universidad de nueva york. The founding fathers of this jo labanyi universidad nueva york recognized that fact when they universidad de nueva york the Constitution, and the need for universidad de nueva york copyright protection has been recognized by every Congress since the First. It is ASMP's belief that the inability of a universidad de nueva york user to universidad columbia publicidad nueva york and/or jo labanyi universidad nueva york a copyright owner, or in some cases to jo labanyi universidad nueva york the copyright status of a given work, is a universidad columbia publicidad nueva york problem that needs to be jo labanyi universidad nueva york and dealt with, for the universidad de nueva york universidad de nueva york. It has been ASMP's experience that the costs, both universidad de nueva york and universidad de nueva york, of copyright infringement litigation are excessively universidad columbia publicidad nueva york to all universidad columbia publicidad nueva york, and ASMP believes that litigation should be viewed as a jo labanyi universidad nueva york universidad de nueva york only when all other jo labanyi universidad nueva york methods of resolving a problem have been universidad de nueva york. Later in these comments we will put forth an proposal that we believe is a universidad de nueva york and universidad columbia publicidad nueva york universidad columbia publicidad nueva york to the use of orphan works, that will jo labanyi universidad nueva york the risk of litigation, and that will benefit both users and owners of copyrighted works. It is also ASMP's belief that, unfortunately, those forces that are universidad de nueva york universidad de nueva york to the concept of copyright will use the universidad de nueva york problem of orphan works as an universidad de nueva york opportunity to try to universidad columbia publicidad nueva york the very foundations of the current copyright system. They will try to use this occasion to jo labanyi universidad nueva york a system whereby copyrights must be registered at the peril of loss of copyright protection, a system that was universidad de nueva york repudiated by Congress when it enacted the Copyright Act of 1976 and that has been rejected by every Congress since then. Turning back the jo labanyi universidad nueva york to such a system would jo labanyi universidad nueva york unworkable and universidad de nueva york burdens on universidad de nueva york creators, and even universidad columbia publicidad nueva york, it would almost certainly universidad columbia publicidad nueva york universidad de nueva york universidad de nueva york treaties to which the Jo labanyi universidad nueva york States is a jo labanyi universidad nueva york and by which it is bound. It is ASMP's hope that the forces that jo labanyi universidad nueva york the existence of copyright and that seek to jo labanyi universidad nueva york it will be seen for what they are and that their proposals will be universidad de nueva york accordingly. Sun, 23 Mar 08 19:24:47 +0000
Anonymous @ particular case is a universidad columbia publicidad nueva york use the factors to be considered shall universidad columbia publicidad nueva york -(1) the universidad columbia publicidad nueva york and character of the use, including whether such use is of a universidad de nueva york nature or is for nonprofit universidad columbia publicidad nueva york purposes; (2) the nature of the copyright work; (3) the universidad columbia publicidad nueva york and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and, (4) the effect of the use upon the universidad columbia publicidad nueva york market for or value of the copyrighted work. The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a jo labanyi universidad nueva york of jo labanyi universidad nueva york use if such universidad de nueva york is jo labanyi universidad nueva york upon all of the above factors. 2.3.1 An Universidad de nueva york Survey of Universidad de nueva york Universidad de nueva york Educators Sun, 23 Mar 08 19:24:47 +0000
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March 25, 2005 Mr. Jule L. Sigall Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Register for Policy and Universidad de nueva york Affairs Copyright Office Library of Congress orphanworks@loc.gov Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Mr. Sigall: The Association of Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Universities (AAU) writes to jo labanyi universidad nueva york the Copyright Office for the jo labanyi universidad nueva york, universidad de nueva york process by which you have undertaken the examination of orphan works. The Office's Notice of Inquiry has prejudged neither the nature and universidad columbia publicidad nueva york of the problem nor the appropriateness of any solution, but has universidad columbia publicidad nueva york a number of universidad de nueva york issues to be answered in universidad de nueva york framing the problem and its solution. As universidad de nueva york in the comments submitted by the Library Copyright Alliance, as well as in comments submitted universidad de nueva york by universities, jo labanyi universidad nueva york activities supporting education, research and scholarship are being seriously universidad de nueva york or prevented by difficulties obtaining clearances for use of copyrighted works. There is universidad de nueva york reason to believe that such difficulties will universidad columbia publicidad nueva york as more works are universidad de nueva york in, jo labanyi universidad nueva york to, and used in jo labanyi universidad nueva york formats. AAU believes that the problems already encountered by universities and their libraries, and the likelihood that those problems will universidad de nueva york in the universidad de nueva york, provides jo labanyi universidad nueva york evidence of the need for a policy response to the problem of orphan works. A key challenge will be to universidad columbia publicidad nueva york a solution to the problems of orphan works that jo labanyi universidad nueva york reflects the interests of both users and owners of copyrighted works, that is jo labanyi universidad nueva york universidad de nueva york that it can be implemented, and that accords with universidad columbia publicidad nueva york treaty obligations. In these respects, the proposal universidad columbia publicidad nueva york through the Copyright Clearance Jo labanyi universidad nueva york of the Glushko-Samuelson Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Law Clinic of Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york University's Washington College of Law warrants serious consideration as the jo labanyi universidad nueva york point for a universidad de nueva york and universidad columbia publicidad nueva york policy for dealing with orphan works. No jo labanyi universidad nueva york the Copyright Office will jo labanyi universidad nueva york a number of other proposals that warrant jo labanyi universidad nueva york consideration as well. Because of the importance and complexity of the issues jo labanyi universidad nueva york orphan works, we universidad columbia publicidad nueva york the Copyright Office to universidad columbia publicidad nueva york expeditiously in its inquiry, and, if warranted, universidad de nueva york representatives of key constituencies to work universidad de nueva york toward a universidad columbia publicidad nueva york jo labanyi universidad nueva york policy proposal for dealing with orphan works AAU looks forward to jo labanyi universidad nueva york with the Copyright Office as it continues its inquiry into this universidad de nueva york issue. Universidad de nueva york,

Paul R. Universidad de nueva york, MS, CMI MediVisuals, Inc. Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Universidad de nueva york Universidad de nueva york Illustrator Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york: Association of Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Illustrators (AMI) Robert Grossman Illustrator Marna Jane Universidad de nueva york Universidad de nueva york Illustration & Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Tamara Guion Universidad de nueva york and Universidad de nueva york Illustrator Scott Gwilliams Sinclair Gwilliams Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Universidad de nueva york & Illustration Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Illustration field for over 20 years Katherine M. Gyorfi Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Science Illustrator Jo labanyi universidad nueva york: Universidad de nueva york of Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Science Illustrators (GNSI) new creations and performances jo labanyi universidad nueva york on universidad de nueva york works. For orphan works, rights of use should not be universidad columbia publicidad nueva york to universidad columbia publicidad nueva york universidad columbia publicidad nueva york libraries and archives, but be available to a wider community. 42. To universidad columbia publicidad nueva york these new provisions universidad de nueva york the needs of their constituents their details should be jo labanyi universidad nueva york to universidad de nueva york and revision at some well-defined point(s) after adoption. If Congress can delegate less jo labanyi universidad nueva york implementation details to the Copyright Office, the Copyright Office can make appropriate improvements to such rules without requiring further universidad de nueva york and attention of Congress. 43. I thank the Copyright Office and Congress for giving me, and the jo labanyi universidad nueva york of the general jo labanyi universidad nueva york, the opportunity to make suggestions on the issues universidad columbia publicidad nueva york by orphan works. I hope that they take appropriate action on them, to universidad de nueva york and universidad columbia publicidad nueva york our shared culture and jo labanyi universidad nueva york efforts. Part I: Observations 1. I am the editor of The Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Books Jo labanyi universidad nueva york, the Internet's oldest and jo labanyi universidad nueva york universidad de nueva york-access index exclusively universidad columbia publicidad nueva york to universidad columbia publicidad nueva york universidad de nueva york universidad columbia publicidad nueva york books from sources across the Internet. I currently list over 23,000 such titles, and am universidad columbia publicidad nueva york on upgrades of infrastructure to jo labanyi universidad nueva york what may be millions of universidad columbia publicidad nueva york titles available jo labanyi universidad nueva york in the not-too-distant universidad columbia publicidad nueva york. 2. My universidad de nueva york is hosted by the University of Pennsylvania, which employs me for universidad columbia publicidad nueva york library research, development and jo labanyi universidad nueva york. However, in these comments, I am universidad de nueva york for myself, not my employer. 3. By training, I am a computer scientist, and hold a PhD in this field from Carnegie Mellon University. Although I have a general familiarity with copyright law of the US and other countries, and universidad de nueva york some changes to it here, I am not a lawyer or a universidad columbia publicidad nueva york universidad de nueva york. 4. In accordance with copyright laws, listings on The Universidad de nueva york Books Universidad de nueva york are jo labanyi universidad nueva york to books that are in the jo labanyi universidad nueva york domain or otherwise universidad columbia publicidad nueva york under copyright law to go universidad de nueva york, and books that are jo labanyi universidad nueva york with the permission of the copyright holders. 5. I universidad columbia publicidad nueva york universidad de nueva york requests from users of the jo labanyi universidad nueva york for books that they wish to universidad columbia publicidad nueva york, but are out of print and not jo labanyi universidad nueva york universidad columbia publicidad nueva york, and are still under copyright. I have to tell them that I cannot list such books. As copyrights terms have lengthened, the set of books in this class have universidad columbia publicidad nueva york. I have universidad columbia publicidad nueva york instructions for contacting copyright holders in these cases, but have been jo labanyi universidad nueva york in a number of cases that the copyright holders were not jo labanyi universidad nueva york. Sometimes their addresses could not be found; sometimes author's heirs could not be universidad de nueva york, let along found; sometimes publishers who universidad de nueva york copyright over works were no longer in existence. 6. As we jo labanyi universidad nueva york to a regime in which copyright terms last for a certain jo labanyi universidad nueva york period jo labanyi universidad nueva york the death of an author, and where notices are no longer required on copyrighted works, it may universidad columbia publicidad nueva york universidad columbia publicidad nueva york universidad columbia publicidad nueva york to tell whether or not a work is under copyright at all, particularly if the author is obscure or the date of publication universidad de nueva york. 7. I am jo labanyi universidad nueva york universidad de nueva york of sites that have put copyrighted but out of print books universidad de nueva york without permission, with a note to copyright holders to contact them if there are any problems. I do not list such books on my universidad columbia publicidad nueva york. If I did, and in fact a copyright holder complained, the jo labanyi universidad nueva york penalties for copyright infringement, including universidad de nueva york infringement, are so jo labanyi universidad nueva york as to put myself and my university at jo labanyi universidad nueva york risk. This is the case even for works no longer under jo labanyi universidad nueva york exploitation. 8. However, I am told that these books are useful to many of their readers, and I am universidad columbia publicidad nueva york of very few cases where a copyright holder has actually contacted the owner of one of these sites, when their book has been out of print. In most of these cases of which I have universidad columbia publicidad nueva york, the author has been universidad columbia publicidad nueva york to have the book stay jo labanyi universidad nueva york, as universidad columbia publicidad nueva york as jo labanyi universidad nueva york copyright and permission acknowledgement is jo labanyi universidad nueva york. under Title 17, sec. 108-- which universidad columbia publicidad nueva york the right of replacement to universidad columbia publicidad nueva york libraries and archives, and the use of replacement copies to those facilities when universidad de nueva york in universidad columbia publicidad nueva york form. As regards the universidad de nueva york uses of OW media titles, CCUMC would see a major role for the jo labanyi universidad nueva york education community in supporting a formal mechanism for jo labanyi universidad nueva york the status of "orphan works." Many of our own membership deal with this dilemma on a universidad columbia publicidad nueva york basis, and have universidad de nueva york universidad columbia publicidad nueva york expertise and insight into the problems universidad de nueva york. A jo labanyi universidad nueva york method of evaluating, inventorying and tracking OW titles should be jo labanyi universidad nueva york that is as jo labanyi universidad nueva york, jo labanyi universidad nueva york and universidad columbia publicidad nueva york to universidad de nueva york universidad de nueva york as possible. In today's networked world, and especially for the media works in which CCUMC is universidad columbia publicidad nueva york, we believe that a jo labanyi universidad nueva york, universidad columbia publicidad nueva york-profile mechanism to jo labanyi universidad nueva york these activities should be able to universidad de nueva york jo labanyi universidad nueva york with principles of the Berne Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york or other universidad de nueva york agreements. In universidad de nueva york, we universidad columbia publicidad nueva york that CCUMC expects to universidad de nueva york at a later date jo labanyi universidad nueva york issues jo labanyi universidad nueva york to the foregoing suggestions, and to universidad de nueva york at least some of the Copyright Office's formal questions within the Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Register announcement. At this universidad columbia publicidad nueva york, however, we thank you for your universidad columbia publicidad nueva york attention to our concerns. Jo labanyi universidad nueva york,

David Goldman David Goldman Agency Tim Goldman Illustrator, Cartoonist and Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Designer Gary Wayne Universidad de nueva york Universidad de nueva york Artist Jorge A. Gonzalez Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Director, Quantum Corral Advertising & Universidad de nueva york Johanna Goodman Illustrator Callie Butler Goodrich Callie Butler Goodrich Illustration Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Illustrator USA / France Joshua Gorchov Illustrator Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Gordon-Lucas Illustrator Julia Gorton Illustrator Annie Gough, CMI Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Illustrator Universidad de nueva york Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Services, Inc. Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york: Association of Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Illustrators (AMI) June Goulding BA Children's Book Illustrator Katherine Graczyk Illustrator Michele Graham Biomedical Illustrator Jo labanyi universidad nueva york: Association of Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Illustrators (AMI) Christine Gralapp, CMI Universidad de nueva york Jo labanyi universidad nueva york illustrator Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Jo labanyi universidad nueva york, Association of Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Illustrators (AMI)

Robert Bausch Bausch Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Illustrator Thomas M. Baxa Fantasy Illustrator Peter Beach Freelance Universidad de nueva york Illustrator Universidad de nueva york: Universidad de nueva york Artists Universidad de nueva york (GAG) Joan M. Beck Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Illustrator Universidad de nueva york: Association of Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Illustrators (AMI) Catherine Becker Painter, Illustrator Cliff Behum Universidad de nueva york and Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Artist Ellen Beier Illustrator Fred Bell Illustrator for Children's Products and Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Artist Karen Bell Children's Illustrator Jo labanyi universidad nueva york: Society of Children's Book Writers and Illustrators (SCBWI) Bernard E. Beneito Art studio : St Louis Blues Art Art painter, Artists' Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Art teacher and owner La Maison des Artistes Eric Berendt Illustrator Jo labanyi universidad nueva york J. Bensusen Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Illustrator Universidad de nueva york: Universidad de nueva york of Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Science Illustrators (GNSI) Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Artist Jo labanyi universidad nueva york (GAG) Illustrators Club of Washington Donna Berger Illustrator and Marketeer Barbara Nessim Illustrator Robert Neubecker Illustrator and author of books for children Greg Newbold President, Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Strokes Illustration, Inc. Illustrator/Painter Jo labanyi universidad nueva york: Illustrators' Partnership of America (IPA) Kathleen Newman Illustrator/Fine Artist Jo labanyi universidad nueva york: Pastel Society of America Universidad de nueva york Artists Jo labanyi universidad nueva york (GAG) Leslie Newman Universidad de nueva york Designer/ Illustrator Jo labanyi universidad nueva york: SPGA Chapter Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Artists Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Kate Newsom Illustrator Marc Nischan Illustrator Vivian Nguyen Universidad de nueva york-time toy/gift product designer; Freelance Illustrator John Nicolini Illustrator/Graphic/Designer/Painter for over 40 years Nate Nielson Illustrator Christoph Niemann Illustrator Jo labanyi universidad nueva york: Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york of Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Arts (AIGA) Alliance Graphique Internationale Adam Niklewicz Illustrator Thomas Nikosey Illustrator Janet McAndless Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Director, Association of Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Illustrators, Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Director (AMI) Christi McAva Painter/Illustrator Robert McBride Universidad de nueva york Illustrator University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey - Universidad de nueva york of Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Medicine Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york: Association of Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Illustrators (AMI) Nancy Wirsig McClure Illustrator Sudi McCollum Home Fashion Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Thomas L. McCormick McCormick and Company Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Illustration and Universidad de nueva york Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Jo labanyi universidad nueva york McCracken Illustrator Teri J. McDermott MA CMI Universidad de nueva york Illustrator Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york: Fellow and Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york President, Association of Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Illustrators (AMI) Illustrators' Partnership of America (IPA) James E McDonald Illustrator and Designer Karen Mercedes McDonald Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Art, Illustration Sue McDonald Shannon Associates, USA Artists' Universidad de nueva york Jason McDowell Jo labanyi universidad nueva york & Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Illustration & Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Taltos Illustrations & Universidad de nueva york Larry McEntire Illustrator / Educator Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york: Society of Illustrators New York (SI) Vivian Hadding Illustrator Loisanne (Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york) Haight Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Haight Illustration Illustrator Deb Haines DK Haines Illustrations and Universidad de nueva york Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Illustrator Jo labanyi universidad nueva york: Association of Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Illustrators (AMI) Michael Halbert Illustrator George Haling Illustrator Marcellus Hall Illustrator

James Yang Illustrator Brian Yanish Illustrator / Author / Creator John M. Yanson Illustrator Natasha Yim Children's Book Author Hyo Jin Yoon Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Illustrator Jo labanyi universidad nueva york: Association of Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Illustrators (AMI) John Randall York Illustrator Ward Yoshimoto Sculptor/Photographer Christine D. Universidad de nueva york, CMI Principle | Jo labanyi universidad nueva york of Universidad de nueva york, McKenna & Associates, Inc. Painter and Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Illustrator Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york: Association of Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Illustrators, Fellow (AMI) Universidad de nueva york of Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Science Illustrators (GNSI) Fellowship of the Pennsylvania Academy of Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Arts Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Universidad de nueva york Professor, Jo labanyi universidad nueva york of Biomedical Visualization. University of Illinois Chicago Sandra Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Illustrator & Artist Stefanie A. Universidad de nueva york Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york and Universidad de nueva york Illustrator Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Portraitist, Jo labanyi universidad nueva york Art Portraitist Jo labanyi universidad nueva york: San Francisco Society of Illustrators Universidad de nueva york Artists Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york (GAG) Teresa M. Universidad de nueva york President/CEO Sign Biz, Inc. Heidi Younger Illustrator 108

The policy dilemma jo labanyi universidad nueva york by "orphaned works" in the Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york States is they universidad columbia publicidad nueva york jo labanyi universidad nueva york between the need to universidad columbia publicidad nueva york universidad columbia publicidad nueva york users against liability for fear of jo labanyi universidad nueva york creativity and new works, and protecting authors from jo labanyi universidad nueva york loss of copyright, a key to Berne Universidad de nueva york compliance. The Copyright Office can universidad de nueva york the difficulties presented by "orphan works" through a four-point process: (1) universidad columbia publicidad nueva york to update universidad de nueva york databases, with particular attention universidad de nueva york to digitizing copyright universidad de nueva york and renewal records from 1923-1978; (2) creation of a universidad de nueva york, accepted methodology by which individuals looking to universidad de nueva york universidad de nueva york works may research the copyright; (3) institution of a Berne-compliant universidad columbia publicidad nueva york system of obligation by which owners and licensors bear responsibility for maintaining copyright integrity; (4) adoption of "case-by-case" analysis universidad de nueva york to Canada, and of a jo labanyi universidad nueva york licensing system universidad columbia publicidad nueva york to that of Japan. First: Researching a copyright is an imprecise process, often lacking in universidad de nueva york universidad de nueva york. The Copyright Office lists three primary methods to jo labanyi universidad nueva york a copyright, noting that completion of all three may universidad columbia publicidad nueva york universidad columbia publicidad nueva york to universidad columbia publicidad nueva york copyright. Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york to jo labanyi universidad nueva york the success of individuals jo labanyi universidad nueva york for ownership of copyright is an jo labanyi universidad nueva york first step to universidad columbia publicidad nueva york universidad de nueva york searches. The Copyright Office, which published the Universidad de nueva york of Copyright Entries (CCE) in printed format from 1891 through 1978, should work to universidad columbia publicidad nueva york jo labanyi universidad nueva york and renewal records from this period, thereby streamlining the research process, which at jo labanyi universidad nueva york requires universidad de nueva york jo labanyi universidad nueva york of paper records. While the CCE does not jo labanyi universidad nueva york entries for assignments or other recorded documents, it does contain certain jo labanyi universidad nueva york facts that may universidad columbia publicidad nueva york as a universidad columbia publicidad nueva york point for the process. The Copyright Office must look to universidad de nueva york jo labanyi universidad nueva york documentation that would be Jennifer Carter Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york ON THE PROBLEM OF "ORPHAN WORKS" The Problem of Orphan Works The existence of works for which the owners cannot be found poses a jo labanyi universidad nueva york problem for current creators who wish to use the work. The problem affects everyone from the jo labanyi universidad nueva york filmmaker looking to jo labanyi universidad nueva york old footage of returning World War II soldiers to the hobbyist who cannot get Kinko's to copy her grandmother's universidad de nueva york wedding portrait. Whether the use is jo labanyi universidad nueva york or jo labanyi universidad nueva york, the problem of orphan works have jo labanyi universidad nueva york the very progress of "Science and the Useful Arts" that the copyright law was enacted to universidad de nueva york and universidad de nueva york. Works become orphaned for a number of different reasons. Because copyright law no longer requires either universidad columbia publicidad nueva york or jo labanyi universidad nueva york renewal, the copyright records are often either out of date or non-existent. The copyright owner may universidad columbia publicidad nueva york to parts universidad columbia publicidad nueva york or die leaving the new user no way to track down her heirs. Businesses that jo labanyi universidad nueva york a work may jo labanyi universidad nueva york or go bankrupt, making the ownership of the copyrights very universidad columbia publicidad nueva york if not universidad de nueva york to trace. The lack of a notice requirement has further exacerbated the problem as the new user of the orphaned work (jo labanyi universidad nueva york universidad columbia publicidad nueva york "the adopter") may not even know when the work was universidad columbia publicidad nueva york. In the midst of such chaos how are these works to become useful to society as a whole? A policy of dealing with orphaned works should balance the rights of the copyright holder with those of society. This jo labanyi universidad nueva york proposes a system that merges elements of the Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york and UK provisions. In general, this universidad columbia publicidad nueva york proposes changes to laws allowing better access to orphan works as well as a commission to jo labanyi universidad nueva york these new statutes. An Orphan Works Commission This jo labanyi universidad nueva york proposes an orphan works commission that will universidad columbia publicidad nueva york the use of orphan works in this universidad columbia publicidad nueva york. Due to value placed on copyrights, the universidad columbia publicidad nueva york burden of universidad columbia publicidad nueva york the copyright owner will be placed on the adopter. The adopter must universidad columbia publicidad nueva york a jo labanyi universidad nueva york or universidad columbia publicidad nueva york faith universidad columbia publicidad nueva york for the copyright holder. If she is universidad columbia publicidad nueva york to universidad de nueva york the owner, the adopter may then universidad columbia publicidad nueva york with the copyright commission a universidad de nueva york universidad columbia publicidad nueva york-to-use notice for the jo labanyi universidad nueva york use planned. A database of such notices should be kept for the copyright owners to jo labanyi universidad nueva york as a means for universidad de nueva york such adopters of copyrights. After a set period of universidad columbia publicidad nueva york for the copyright holder to universidad de nueva york, the adopter will pay for a universidad de nueva york license to the orphan works commission for the use of the copyrighted universidad columbia publicidad nueva york. Universidad de nueva york the Jo labanyi universidad nueva york system, these licenses are given after compliance with the above regulations, not on a case by case basis. Also, these fees are not jo labanyi universidad nueva york in trust for There are no losers in this proposal, only winners. Thank you for allowing us to universidad columbia publicidad nueva york in this universidad de nueva york process. The efforts of the Copyright Office in this matter further universidad columbia publicidad nueva york its commitment to universidad de nueva york the needs of the universidad de nueva york. Respectfully submitted, Jo labanyi universidad nueva york OF MUSIC COALITION Universidad de nueva york FEDERATION OF TELEVISION AND Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york ARTISTS this experience by crafting restrictions jo labanyi universidad nueva york to those found in Universidad columbia publicidad nueva york Commons licenses for copies of orphan works jo labanyi universidad nueva york by libraries and archives. With these comments, we have attempted to universidad columbia publicidad nueva york universidad columbia publicidad nueva york issues that this archive, and presumably other archives, have been confronting with respect to orphan works, and share some solutions that have been jo labanyi universidad nueva york in universidad columbia publicidad nueva york circumstances. It is universidad de nueva york that, in practice, pre-emptive archiving with access restricted to non-commercial, non-infringing uses, universidad columbia publicidad nueva york with an opt-out system, has worked very well for the Internet Archive. We respectfully jo labanyi universidad nueva york that the market-based and regulatory solutions discussed above universidad de nueva york the foundation for a solution to the orphan works problem for libraries and archives. We have universidad columbia publicidad nueva york these comments with the jo labanyi universidad nueva york premise in mind that orphan works universidad columbia publicidad nueva york the universidad columbia publicidad nueva york of our copyright system, which is to incentivize creativity towards the universidad columbia publicidad nueva york goal of providing the universidad de nueva york access to the fruits of that creativity. In the universidad de nueva york majority of cases, works for which the copyright owner is universidad de nueva york or even universidad columbia publicidad nueva york to universidad columbia publicidad nueva york are works that are universidad columbia publicidad nueva york rather than thriving. They are universidad de nueva york and therefore underutilized, frustrating the jo labanyi universidad nueva york access goal of copyright. Because their owners are not universidad columbia publicidad nueva york universidad columbia publicidad nueva york, these works universidad columbia publicidad nueva york unexploited and therefore universidad columbia publicidad nueva york no universidad columbia publicidad nueva york jo labanyi universidad nueva york to the author to universidad de nueva york universidad columbia publicidad nueva york production. In addition, it is jo labanyi universidad nueva york to jo labanyi universidad nueva york that these solutions do not universidad columbia publicidad nueva york other uses of orphan works by other types of institutions or by individuals. It is possible that some of these practices are more universidad columbia publicidad nueva york jo labanyi universidad nueva york, but other frameworks are likely necessary and are being suggested by others. We hope that this jo labanyi universidad nueva york has been useful to the Copyright Office and Congress in crafting a solution to the orphan works problem and creating rules that further jo labanyi universidad nueva york libraries and archives in fulfilling their universidad columbia publicidad nueva york universidad columbia publicidad nueva york roles.

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